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This command provides support for <em>git fetch</em> and <em>git pull</em> to operate by packaging objects and references in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into another repository using <em>git fetch</em> and <em>git pull</em> after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). As no direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the destination repository.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> create &lt;file&gt; </dt> <dd> <p> Used to create a bundle named <em>file</em>. This requires the <em>git-rev-list-args</em> arguments to define the bundle contents. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> verify &lt;file&gt; </dt> <dd> <p> Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply cleanly to the current repository. This includes checks on the bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository. <em>git bundle</em> prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits with a non-zero status. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> list-heads &lt;file&gt; </dt> <dd> <p> Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a list of references, only references matching those given are printed out. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> unbundle &lt;file&gt; </dt> <dd> <p> Passes the objects in the bundle to <em>git index-pack</em> for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all defined references. If a list of references is given, only references matching those in the list are printed. This command is really plumbing, intended to be called only by <em>git fetch</em>. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> &lt;git-rev-list-args&gt; </dt> <dd> <p> A list of arguments, acceptable to <em>git rev-parse</em> and <em>git rev-list</em> (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES below), that specifies the specific objects and references to transport. For example, <code>master~10..master</code> causes the current master reference to be packaged along with all objects added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit limit to the number of references and objects that may be packaged. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> [&lt;refname&gt;&#8230;] </dt> <dd> <p> A list of references used to limit the references reported as available. This is principally of use to <em>git fetch</em>, which expects to receive only those references asked for and not necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, <em>git bundle</em> acts like <em>git fetch-pack</em>). </p> </dd> </dl></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_specifying_references">SPECIFYING REFERENCES</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git bundle</em> will only package references that are shown by <em>git show-ref</em>: this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References such as <code>master~1</code> cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be specified explicitly (e.g. <code>^master~10</code>), or implicitly (e.g. <code>master~10..master</code>, <code>--since=10.days.ago master</code>).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored when unpacking at the destination.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_example">EXAMPLE</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A to another repository R2 on machine B. For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed, but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository with an incremental bundle:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>machineA$ cd R1 machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will have an entry like this:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>[remote "origin"] url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after replacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental updates.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>After working some more in the original repository, you can create an incremental bundle to update the other repository:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>machineA$ cd R1 machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace /home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it.</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>machineB$ cd R2 machineB$ git pull</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to the <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> command. Here are more examples:</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can use a tag that is present in both:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can use a basis based on time:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can use the number of commits:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git bundle create mybundle -10 master</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can run <code>git-bundle verify</code> to see if you can extract from a bundle that was created with a basis:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git bundle verify mybundle</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the bundle and will error out if you do not have them.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>A bundle from a recipient repository&#8217;s point of view is just like a regular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map references when fetching:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git fetch mybundle master:localRef</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can also see what references it offers:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git ls-remote mybundle</code></pre> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> Last updated 2013-06-10 20:01:55 UTC </div> </div> </body> </html>