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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Data marshalling support &mdash; Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="Utilities" href="utilities.html" /> <link rel="next" title="Parsing arguments and building values" href="arg.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Importing Modules" href="import.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="arg.html" title="Parsing arguments and building values" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="import.html" title="Importing Modules" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> &raquo;</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> &raquo; </li> <li><a href="index.html" >Python/C API Reference Manual</a> &raquo;</li> <li><a href="utilities.html" accesskey="U">Utilities</a> &raquo;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="data-marshalling-support"> <span id="marshalling-utils"></span><h1>Data marshalling support<a class="headerlink" href="#data-marshalling-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>These routines allow C code to work with serialized objects using the same data format as the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/marshal.html#module-marshal" title="marshal: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints)."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">marshal</span></tt></a> module. There are functions to write data into the serialization format, and additional functions that can be used to read the data back. Files used to store marshalled data must be opened in binary mode.</p> <p>Numeric values are stored with the least significant byte first.</p> <p>The module supports two versions of the data format: version 0 is the historical version, version 1 (new in Python 2.4) shares interned strings in the file, and upon unmarshalling. Version 2 (new in Python 2.5) uses a binary format for floating point numbers. <em>Py_MARSHAL_VERSION</em> indicates the current file format (currently 2).</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile"> void <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile</tt><big>(</big>long<em>&nbsp;value</em>, FILE<em>&nbsp;*file</em>, int<em>&nbsp;version</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Marshal a <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">long</span></tt> integer, <em>value</em>, to <em>file</em>. This will only write the least-significant 32 bits of <em>value</em>; regardless of the size of the native <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">long</span></tt> type.</p> <p class="versionchanged"> <span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.4: </span><em>version</em> indicates the file format.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile"> void <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*value</em>, FILE<em>&nbsp;*file</em>, int<em>&nbsp;version</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Marshal a Python object, <em>value</em>, to <em>file</em>.</p> <p class="versionchanged"> <span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.4: </span><em>version</em> indicates the file format.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*value</em>, int<em>&nbsp;version</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a string object containing the marshalled representation of <em>value</em>.</p> <p class="versionchanged"> <span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.4: </span><em>version</em> indicates the file format.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The following functions allow marshalled values to be read back in.</p> <p>XXX What about error detection? It appears that reading past the end of the file will always result in a negative numeric value (where that&#8217;s relevant), but it&#8217;s not clear that negative values won&#8217;t be handled properly when there&#8217;s no error. What&#8217;s the right way to tell? Should only non-negative values be written using these routines?</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile"> long <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em>&nbsp;*file</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a C <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">long</span></tt> from the data stream in a <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt> opened for reading. Only a 32-bit value can be read in using this function, regardless of the native size of <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">long</span></tt>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile"> int <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em>&nbsp;*file</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a C <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">short</span></tt> from the data stream in a <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt> opened for reading. Only a 16-bit value can be read in using this function, regardless of the native size of <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">short</span></tt>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em>&nbsp;*file</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a Python object from the data stream in a <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt> opened for reading. On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.EOFError" title="exceptions.EOFError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt></a>) and returns <em>NULL</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile</tt><big>(</big>FILE<em>&nbsp;*file</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a Python object from the data stream in a <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt> opened for reading. Unlike <a class="reference internal" href="#PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile" title="PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile()</span></tt></a>, this function assumes that no further objects will be read from the file, allowing it to aggressively load file data into memory so that the de-serialization can operate from data in memory rather than reading a byte at a time from the file. Only use these variant if you are certain that you won&#8217;t be reading anything else from the file. On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.EOFError" title="exceptions.EOFError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt></a>) and returns <em>NULL</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString</tt><big>(</big>char<em>&nbsp;*string</em>, Py_ssize_t<em>&nbsp;len</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a Python object from the data stream in a character buffer containing <em>len</em> bytes pointed to by <em>string</em>. On error, sets the appropriate exception (<a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.EOFError" title="exceptions.EOFError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt></a>) and returns <em>NULL</em>.</p> <p class="versionchanged"> <span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.5: </span>This function used an <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span></tt> type for <em>len</em>. 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