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Unix Specific Services</a> &raquo;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-grp"> <span id="grp-the-group-database"></span><h1>35.4. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">grp</span></tt></a> &#8212; The group database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-grp" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on all Unix versions.</p> <p>Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes correspond to the members of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">group</span></tt> structure (Attribute field below, see <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;pwd.h&gt;</span></tt>):</p> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="14%" /> <col width="22%" /> <col width="65%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Index</th> <th class="head">Attribute</th> <th class="head">Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td>0</td> <td>gr_name</td> <td>the name of the group</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td>1</td> <td>gr_passwd</td> <td>the (encrypted) group password; often empty</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td>2</td> <td>gr_gid</td> <td>the numerical group ID</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td>3</td> <td>gr_mem</td> <td>all the group member&#8217;s user names</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The gid is an integer, name and password are strings, and the member list is a list of strings. (Note that most users are not explicitly listed as members of the group they are in according to the password database. Check both databases to get complete membership information. Also note that a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gr_name</span></tt> that starts with a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt> is likely to be a YP/NIS reference and may not be accessible via <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="grp.getgrnam"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">getgrnam()</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></tt></a>.)</p> <p>It defines the following items:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="grp.getgrgid"> <tt class="descclassname">grp.</tt><tt class="descname">getgrgid</tt><big>(</big><em>gid</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given numeric group ID. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></tt></a> is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="grp.getgrnam"> <tt class="descclassname">grp.</tt><tt class="descname">getgrnam</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given group name. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></tt></a> is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="grp.getgrall"> <tt class="descclassname">grp.</tt><tt class="descname">getgrall</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list of all available group entries, in arbitrary order.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">pwd</span></tt></a></dt> <dd>An interface to the user database, similar to this.</dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">spwd</span></tt></a></dt> <dd>An interface to the shadow password database, similar to this.</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="spwd.html" title="previous chapter">35.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">spwd</span></tt> &#8212; The shadow password database</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="crypt.html" title="next chapter">35.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">crypt</span></tt> &#8212; Function to check Unix passwords</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/grp.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="crypt.html" title="35.5. crypt — Function to check Unix passwords" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="spwd.html" title="35.3. spwd — The shadow password database" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> &raquo;</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> &raquo; </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &raquo;</li> <li><a href="unix.html" >35. 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